History

Saint Frances Academy: The School Founded in 1828 to Educate Black Children Despite Widespread Opposition

Saint Frances Academy was founded in 1828 by Mary Elizabeth Lange, later known as Mother Mary Lange, at a time when educating Black people was frowned upon. It stands today as the first and oldest continually operating Black Catholic...

Harriet Jacobs: The Woman Who Hid in an Attic for Seven Years to Escape Slavery and Sexual Abuse

Harriet Jacobs’ story is one of the most extraordinary acts of survival in American history. To escape her master’s relentless sexual abuse and also slavery, she spent seven years hiding in a tiny attic, unable to stand or move...

York: The Enslaved African American Explorer Who Was Betrayed Back Into Slavery

York was an enslaved African American whose courage and skill helped the Lewis and Clark Expedition discover the vast lands of the Louisiana Territory and reach the Pacific Coast. He hunted, built shelters, navigated rivers, and won the admiration...

Freeborn Garrettson: The Preacher Who Was Jailed for Daring to Call the Enslavement of Africans a Sin

During slavery in America, religion was often used as a tool of control. Many preachers visited plantations to tell enslaved Africans to obey their masters and accept their suffering as God’s will. But Freeborn Garrettson, a Methodist preacher from...

Caroline Still Anderson: The Young Woman Who Refused to Let Racism Block Her Medical Dreams

In 1848, when America was still entangled in the chains of slavery, a girl named Caroline Still was born into a home where freedom was more than an idea, it was a calling. Her father, William Still, one of...

The Devil of Haiti: Jean-Baptiste de Caradeux, the French Slaver Nicknamed “The Cruel” for His Brutality Against Enslaved Africans

Jean-Baptiste de Caradeux de La Caye remains one of the most despised figures in the history of French Saint-Domingue, now Haiti, though today few know his name. Born in Saint-Domingue but educated in France, Caradeux returned to the Caribbean...

Rev. Theodore Parker: The Preacher Who Defended the Right of Enslaved Africans to Kill Their Masters in the Fight for Freedom

Theodore Parker was far from a typical 19th-century preacher. A bold reformer and one of the most outspoken voices against slavery in pre–Civil War America, he challenged both church and society with his radical beliefs. While most ministers of...

The Forgotten History of How African-American Blood Donations Were Rejected During World War II

When the US entered World War II in 1941, Americans were called to do their part for the war effort. Factories shifted production to weapons, families rationed food, and ordinary people were urged to donate blood for wounded soldiers....

Amos Dresser: The Minister Who Was Arrested and Publicly Flogged for Opposing Slavery

Amos Dresser was a minister and abolitionist who, in 1835, while traveling in the South to raise money for his education, was arrested in Nashville, Tennessee, and publicly whipped, not for any violent act, but for the “crime” of...

Lynching of Corporal John Cecil Jones: The War Veteran Who Was Lynched for Allegedly Scaring a White Woman

On August 8, 1946, just one year after returning home from serving his country in World War II, United States Army Corporal John Cecil Jones was tortured and lynched by a white mob near Minden, Webster Parish, Louisiana. He...
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The Ruthless Methods White Enslavers Used to Shape Enslaved Africans into the “Perfect Slave”

In his 1956 classic The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South, historian Kenneth M. Stampp shattered the myth...
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