History

Waruhiu Itote: The Mau Mau Leader Who Was Sentenced to Death for Resisting British Rule in Kenya

In the long and bitter fight against British colonialism in Kenya, the name General China stands out as both a symbol of rebellion and a figure of deep controversy. Born Waruhiu Itote in 1922 in Kaheti village, Nyeri District,...

From Stono to Nat Turner: These Are the 10 Most Explosive Slave Rebellions in U.S. History

Throughout the brutal centuries of American slavery, resistance was as common as the oppression itself. Enslaved Africans did not passively accept their bondage; they rebelled, sometimes in open defiance, other times in carefully organized revolts that struck at the...

Chief Chingaira Makoni: The African Leader Executed in 1896 for Resisting British Colonial Rule

Chief Chingaira Makoni was a prominent leader of the Makoni people in what is now eastern Zimbabwe. He is remembered for resisting British colonial forces during the First Chimurenga (1896–1897), a Shona and Ndebele uprising against the British South...

How Virginia Became the Slave-Breeding Capital of the United States in the 19th Century

When the U.S. banned the transatlantic slave trade in 1808, Southern plantation owners could no longer import Africans. To meet rising demand for labour, they turned inward, breeding enslaved Africans already in the country. At the heart of this...

Wrongfully Arrested Then Lynched: The 1934 Killing of Robert Johnson in Jim Crow Florida

In late January 1934, Robert Johnson, a 40-year-old Black man, was wrongly arrested for assaulting a white woman in Tampa, Florida. Although the police eventually cleared him of any involvement, a white mob seized him and lynched him before...

Slave Compensation Act of 1837: How Britain Paid Millions to Slave Owners After Abolition While Freed Slaves Got Nothing

In 1834, when the British Empire officially abolished slavery, the government organized what would become one of the largest transfers of wealth to private individuals in history. Yet, none of this money went to the people who had endured...

The Bondelswarts Rebellion: How a Dog Tax Led to a Massacre Under White South African Rule in Namibia in 1922

The Bondelswarts Rebellion of 1922, also known as the Bondelswarts Uprising, was a violent and controversial incident that took place in South Africa’s League of Nations Mandate of South West Africa, now known as Namibia. The unsuccessful uprising which...

Scott Burton: The Black Barber Lynched by a White Mob for Defending His Family and Property

In the summer of 1908, Springfield, Illinois, Abraham Lincoln’s hometown, erupted in a violent two-day race riot fueled by racial hatred. Angry white mobs attacked Black residents, burned their businesses, and lynched those who dared to stand their ground....

The Society for the Conversion of Negro Slaves: How the Bible Was Used to Enforce Obedience in the British West Indies

The Society for the Conversion of Negro Slaves was a British missionary organization established in the late 18th century, under the leadership of Anglican Bishop Beilby Porteus. Its primary aim was to replace African spiritual beliefs with Christian doctrines...

Thomas Leyland: How a Lottery Win Built One of England’s Richest Slave Trader, and Doomed Over 22,000 Africans

Thomas Leyland was a British slave trader, banker, and politician whose wealth and influence in 18th-century Liverpool were largely built on the back of the transatlantic slave trade. His journey to immense wealth began with a stroke of luck...
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Rudolf Duala Manga Bell: The African King Executed by Germany for Standing Against the Displacement of His People

Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, was a visionary monarch, legal strategist, and resistance leader who was executed on August 8,...
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