The scramble auction was one of the most inhumane and chaotic forms of selling enslaved Africans during the transatlantic slave trade. This method of auction had a fixed price system: every captive cost the same, no bidding allowed. That...
Barsirian Arap Manyei was a Nandi leader who spent 42 years in detention under British rule, making him Kenya’s longest-serving political prisoner. His so-called crime was not theft or violence, but his unwavering opposition to colonial authority and his...
In 18th-century Liverpool, the docks bustled with ships and merchants chasing wealth, but much of that fortune was built on the lives and suffering of thousands of enslaved Africans who were treated as mere cargo. One of the men...
In June 1905, in present-day Kericho County in southwestern Kenya, the British colonial administration carried out one of the deadliest punitive expeditions in East African history. Known as the Sotik Massacre, the assault claimed the lives of up to...
On 22 July 1921, in the mountainous terrain of northeastern Morocco, the Spanish Empire suffered its most devastating military defeat in modern history, the Battle of Annual. Fought between the Spanish Army and the Riffian Berbers during the Rif...
The Le Rôdeur massacre was the deliberate drowning of 36 enslaved African people by the crew of the French slave ship Le Rôdeur during its voyage across the Atlantic in April 1819. The ship was owned by French traders...
From 1885 to 1908, DR Congo was transformed into a massive forced labor camp. This territory, then known as the Congo Free State, was unlike any other colony in Africa. It wasn’t controlled by a government or a European...
Chief Kadungure Mapondera was a Shona leader who led one of the most determined early armed uprisings against British colonial domination in the early 20th century. At a time when much of the region today known as Zimbabwe was...
In the long and bitter fight against British colonialism in Kenya, the name General China stands out as both a symbol of rebellion and a figure of deep controversy. Born Waruhiu Itote in 1922 in Kaheti village, Nyeri District,...
