french colonialism

The Devil of Haiti: Jean-Baptiste de Caradeux, the French Slaver Nicknamed “The Cruel” for His Brutality Against Enslaved Africans

Jean-Baptiste de Caradeux de La Caye remains one of the most despised figures in the history of French Saint-Domingue, now Haiti, though today few know his name. Born in Saint-Domingue but educated in France, Caradeux returned to the Caribbean...

Donatien de Rochambeau: The French General Who Sent Africans to Their Death in the World’s First Gas Chambers in Haiti

The Haitian Revolution was a shockingly brutal conflict. While the Haitian people were prepared to fight to the end for their freedom, the French army was determined to use extreme brutality to put down the slave uprising. One figure...

Ahmadou Bamba: The Senegalese Leader Exiled by the French for Inciting “Anti-Colonial Disobedience” in 1895

Ahmadou Bamba, also known to followers as "The Servant of the Messenger" and Serigne Touba or "Sheikh of Touba," was a religious leader in Senegal and the founder of the large Mouride Brotherhood (the Muridiyya) who was exiled by...
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From Slave Cabin to the Pulpit: The Extraordinary Life of Rev. Peter Randolph

Peter Randolph was born into slavery in Virginia but rose to become one of New England’s most respected Black...