jim crow era

George Richardson: The Black Man Whose False Rape Accusation by a White Woman Triggered the Deadly Springfield Riot of 1908

In August 1908, the city of Springfield, Illinois—often celebrated as the hometown of Abraham Lincoln—became the site of one of the most violent race riots in American history. Over the course of just a few days, white mobs rampaged...

The Lynching of Richard Dickerson and the Destruction of Black-Owned Businesses in Ohio, 1904

Richard Dickerson was an African American laborer living in Springfield, Ohio, whose lynching by a white mob on March 7, 1904 became the catalyst for further racial violence, including the targeted destruction of Black-owned businesses in the city’s “Levee”...

Barbara Pope: The Woman Whose Train Protest Against Segregation Led to Her Tragic End

Barbara E. Pope was an American teacher, author, and civil rights activist whose battle against systemic racism and personal struggles ultimately led to her tragic end. Barbara Pope was born in January 1854 in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., to Alfred and...

Mary Turner, the Pregnant Black Woman Lynched in 1918 for Condemning Her Husband’s Killers

Mary Turner was an eight-month pregnant African American woman who, in 1918, faced a brutal lynching at the hands of a white mob in Lowndes County, Georgia. Her "crime" was daring to speak out against the lynching of her...
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Antonio Ruiz: The Black Hero of Argentina’s War of Independence

Antonio Ruiz, known as Falucho, was an Afro-Argentine soldier who rose from slavery to become a national hero in...