John Punch, born around 1605 in Angola, holds a significant place in American history as the first person in British colonial America to be legally sentenced to lifelong servitude as punishment for a "crime". His case, decided in 1640...
James Meredith is a civil rights activist, writer, and U.S. Air Force veteran best known for integrating the University of Mississippi in 1962, an act that sparked a deadly riot and forced the U.S. government to deploy thousands of...
Eroseanna Robinson was a force of nature who used bold and often unconventional tactics to challenge segregation, militarism, and racial injustice. From breaking barriers in public spaces to defying the U.S. government itself, Robinson spent her life fighting for...
Bill Richmond was a formerly enslaved African who gained international recognition in England as a boxer. Freed during the American Revolution, he became known for his tactical fighting style, defeating top opponents and training fighters like Tom Molineaux. Despite...
Calvin Smith was a wealthy American planter in the antebellum South who operated a notorious slave breeding farm. His plantation was infamous for its focus on breeding biracial children, or mulattoes, who were often sold at higher prices than...
George Case was a British slave trader, businessman, and politician who played a key role in Liverpool’s involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. He was responsible for at least 109 slave voyages, transporting thousands of enslaved Africans to the...
Tarrafal Concentration Camp, also known as the “Camp of Slow Death,” was one of Portugal’s most infamous colonial prisons. Located in the village of Chão Bom on the island of Santiago in Cape Verde, Africa, it was established in...
The Tryal Rebellion of 1805 is one of the lesser-known but significant accounts of shipboard resistance against slavery. It took place in the South Pacific, off the coast of Chile, involving a group of Senegalese who were being transported...
Willie Francis was an African American teenager sentenced to death in 1945 after a flawed murder trial. At 17, he survived a botched execution, becoming the first known person to survive the electric chair. However, his appeals failed, and...
Elizabeth Eckford, born on October 4, 1941, was one of the Little Rock Nine, the first group of African American students to integrate Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas in 1957. Her bravery became iconic when, on September...
