Henrietta Smith Bowers Duterte was a pioneering African-American funeral home owner, philanthropist, and courageous abolitionist from Philadelphia who turned her profession into a powerful tool of resistance, smuggling freedom through the very rituals meant to honor the dead. She...
During slavery in America, one of the most dangerous acts for a Black person, especially an enslaved one, was to preach the gospel without white supervision. While Christianity was widely promoted among enslaved Africans by white slaveholders, it was...
In the late 19th century, as the French empire aggressively expanded across West Africa, one Malian king refused to bow to colonial subjugation. His name was Babemba Traoré, the last ruler of the Kénédougou Kingdom. Revered today as a...
In the summer of 1784, the quiet town of Shelburne, Nova Scotia, was thrown into chaos, not by war or natural disaster, but by a violent, racially charged riot led by white Loyalist settlers. Over several days, mobs looted,...
The Great Hanging at Old Moshi, also known as the Great Chagga Conspiracy, was a mass execution that took place on March 2, 1900, under German colonial rule in what is now northern Tanzania. Nineteen local leaders and noblemen...
Basil Manly Sr. was more than a Southern preacher, he was one of the most vocal and influential theological defenders of American slavery. A prominent Baptist minister, university president, and the author of the infamous Alabama Resolutions, Manly’s beliefs...
On 22 July 1921, in the mountainous terrain of northeastern Morocco, the Spanish Empire suffered its most devastating military defeat in modern history, the Battle of Annual. Fought between the Spanish Army and the Riffian Berbers during the Rif...
Rudolf Duala Manga Bell, was a visionary monarch, legal strategist, and resistance leader who was executed on August 8, 1914, for opposing Germany’s plan to seize ancestral lands and forcibly displace his people to make way for a European-only...
Rev. James Henley Thornwell was a prominent 19th-century Presbyterian pastor who believed that slavery was morally right and fully justified by the teachings of Christianity. A staunch supporter of the Confederacy, Thornwell argued that those who opposed slavery, particularly...
The Le Rôdeur massacre was the deliberate drowning of 36 enslaved African people by the crew of the French slave ship Le Rôdeur during its voyage across the Atlantic in April 1819. The ship was owned by French traders...
