Queen Ranavalona III was the last sovereign of the Kingdom of Madagascar, ruling from 1883 to 1897. Her reign was marked by efforts to resist French colonization, including strengthening diplomatic ties and modernizing her kingdom. Despite her determination, Madagascar...
Although French and African historians have unearthed volumes of evidence of colonial crimes, French leaders have consistently denied and attempted to conceal this black chapter of history.
These African countries are still pursuing restitution of the French army’s crimes and...