The most peaceful country in Africa is Mauritius, which is ranked 28th on the 2022 GPI. while South Sudan remains the least peaceful country in Africa and one of the least peaceful countries in the world, despite an improvement in peacefulness on the 2022 GPI.
In the report, Nigeria was graded low on the state of peace out of very high, high, medium, low and very low on the chart.
Nigeria moved one step from 147 in 2020, though it still ranked eighth among the least peaceful countries in Africa after South Sudan, Somalia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Libya, Central African Republic, Sudan and Mali.
The GPI, produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), measures the state of peace in countries. It assesses countries in three domains, including the level of societal safety and security, the extent of ongoing domestic and international conflict and the degree of militarisation.
Top 20 Most peaceful countries in Africa, 2023
1. Mauritius
According to the report, Mauritius is the most peaceful country in Africa. Known for its pristine beaches and breathtaking landscapes, Mauritius not only captivates visitors with its natural beauty but also stands as a shining example of peace and stability in Africa. With a well-functioning democracy, political stability, and a high standard of living, Mauritius has managed to cultivate a society characterized by harmony and unity among its multicultural population.
2. Ghana
Ghana, often hailed as the gateway to West Africa, is the second most peaceful country in Africa. The country boasts a long-standing tradition of peaceful transitions of power and a commitment to democratic values. It has a vibrant civil society, strong institutions, and a robust legal framework, all of which contribute to its peaceful atmosphere. The country’s rich cultural heritage and friendly people further enhance its reputation as a peaceful nation.
3. The Gambia
Nestled along the beautiful shores of the Atlantic Ocean, The Gambia has made remarkable strides towards peace and stability in recent years. The country successfully underwent a peaceful transition of power in 2017, signaling a new era of democratic governance. The Gambia’s commitment to truth and reconciliation, coupled with its welcoming and warm-hearted population, creates an environment conducive to peace.
4. Botswana
Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, is the fourth most peaceful country in Africa. The country shines as one of the most peaceful nations on the continent. Known for its low crime rates and efficient governance, Botswana has managed to maintain a stable and peaceful society for decades. The country’s commitment to wildlife conservation and sustainable development further reflects its dedication to peace and environmental harmony.
5. Sierra Leone
Despite its troubled past marred by civil war, Sierra Leone has made remarkable progress in terms of peace and stability. Through a process of national reconciliation and international support, the country has managed to rebuild and heal wounds. Today, Sierra Leone is recognized for its commitment to peacebuilding, promoting social cohesion, and fostering economic development and is the fifth most peaceful country in africa.
6. Zambia
Located in the heart of Southern Africa, Zambia is celebrated for its peaceful political environment and its stunning natural landscapes. The country’s peaceful transitions of power and strong democratic institutions have contributed to its overall stability. Zambia’s rich cultural heritage, friendly people, and diverse wildlife make it a peaceful destination for travelers and a haven for its citizens.
7. Equatorial Guinea
Despite being one of Africa’s smallest nations, Equatorial Guinea has established itself as a peaceful country. The government’s focus on effective governance, investment in social development, and its commitment to human rights has created an environment of stability and peace. Equatorial Guinea’s growing economy and efforts towards social inclusion further contribute to its peaceful status.
8. Malawi
Known as the “warm heart of Africa,” Malawi embraces peace and harmony in its society. The country has a track record of peaceful political transitions and a commitment to democratic principles. Malawi’s friendly and welcoming people, combined with its natural beauty and vibrant cultural traditions, make it an oasis of peace in the region.
9. Namibia
With its vast deserts, stunning landscapes, and diverse wildlife, Namibia stands as a peaceful haven in Southern Africa. The country’s commitment to conservation and sustainable development is reflected in its peaceful and harmonious society. Namibia’s well-established rule of law and peaceful democratic processes contribute to its overall stability. The country is ranked the ninth most peaceful country in Africa.
10. Senegal
Located on the westernmost tip of Africa, Senegal is renowned for its vibrant cultural heritage and peaceful atmosphere. The country has a long-standing tradition of democracy and has experienced peaceful transitions of power. Senegal’s commitment to social cohesion, religious tolerance, and its thriving arts and music scene make it a beacon of peace in the region.
Top 20 Most Peaceful Countries in Africa, 2023
| Rank | Country |
|---|---|
| 1 | Mauritius |
| 2 | Ghana |
| 3 | The Gambia |
| 4 | Botswana |
| 5 | Sierra Leone |
| 6 | Zambia |
| 7 | Equitorial Guinea |
| 8 | Malawi |
| 9 | Namibia |
| 10 | Senegal |
| 11 | Rwanda |
| 12 | Morocco |
| 13 | Gabon |
| 14 | Liberia |
| 15 | Angola |
| 16 | Madagascar |
| 17 | Tunisia |
| 18 | Tanzania |
| 19 | Lesotho |
| 20 | Eswatini |
Top 20 Most Dangerous countries in Africa, 2023
1. South Sudan
Regrettably, South Sudan tops the list of the most dangerous countries in Africa. The nation has been marred by ongoing conflicts, ethnic violence, and political instability since gaining independence in 2011. The volatile security situation, coupled with high levels of poverty and limited access to basic services, has resulted in a challenging environment for the population, posing significant risks to personal safety.
2. Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo)
D.R. Congo has faced protracted conflicts, with numerous armed groups operating within its borders. The country’s vast mineral wealth has fueled violence and instability, leading to widespread displacement and human rights abuses. Ongoing conflicts, coupled with weak governance and a struggling economy, contribute to its dangerous environment.
3. Somalia
Somalia has long been plagued by civil war, terrorism, and piracy, making it one of the most dangerous countries in Africa. The absence of an effective central government and the presence of extremist groups such as Al-Shabaab create a highly unstable security situation. Widespread poverty and lack of basic services further exacerbate the risks faced by the population.
4. Central African Republic (CAR)
The Central African Republic has experienced recurring cycles of violence and conflict between armed groups, resulting in a grave humanitarian crisis. The weak state institutions, sectarian tensions, and high levels of criminality contribute to its dangerous environment. Civilians often find themselves caught in the crossfire, leading to widespread displacement and human rights abuses.
5. Sudan
Sudan has faced various challenges, including internal conflicts and political instability. The country has experienced civil wars, particularly in regions like Darfur and South Kordofan, resulting in significant loss of life and displacement of people. The presence of armed groups, intercommunal violence, and limited access to essential services contribute to its overall dangerous situation. Sudan is teh fifth most dangerous country in Africa.
6. Libya
Since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has descended into a state of chaos and instability. The absence of a functioning central government has given rise to armed militias and a power vacuum, leading to frequent clashes and violence. The country serves as a major transit point for human trafficking and smuggling operations, posing additional risks to the population.
7. Mali
Mali has experienced a combination of armed conflict, terrorism, and intercommunal violence in recent years. The presence of extremist groups, such as Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and affiliated militias, has created a highly volatile security environment. The ongoing instability, coupled with a weak central government and socioeconomic challenges, contributes to Mali’s dangerous status.
8. Ethiopia
Ethiopia, a country historically known for its stability, has witnessed a surge in violence and conflicts in various regions. Ethnic tensions, political disputes, and territorial conflicts have led to widespread unrest and displacement of people. The armed conflict in the Tigray region and intercommunal clashes in other areas have intensified the risks faced by the population, making Ethiopia a dangerous country in Africa.
9. Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso has experienced a rapid escalation in violence and terrorism in recent years. The country faces attacks from jihadist groups affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State. The deteriorating security situation, coupled with socioeconomic challenges and intercommunal tensions, has resulted in widespread displacement and a heightened sense of insecurity among the population.
10. Nigeria
Nigeria faces significant security challenges, including the insurgency by Boko Haram in the northeastern part of the country. The group’s attacks, kidnappings, and bombings have resulted in the loss of countless lives and displacement of people. Additionally, intercommunal clashes, armed banditry, and high levels of criminality contribute to Nigeria’s status as one of the most dangerous countries in Africa.
| Rank | Country |
|---|---|
| 1 | South Sudan |
| 2 | D.R Congo |
| 3 | Somalia |
| 4 | Central African Republic |
| 5 | Sudan |
| 6 | Libya |
| 7 | Mali |
| 8 | Ethiopia |
| 9 | Burkina Faso |
| 10 | Nigeria |
| 11 | Cameroon |
| 12 | Niger |
| 13 | Chad |
| 14 | Eritrea |
| 15 | Burundi |
| 16 | Zimbabwe |
| 17 | Egypt |
| 18 | Guinea |
| 19 | Mozambique |
| 20 | Uganda |
Sub-Saharan Africa
According to the study, sub-Saharan Africa recorded a slight fall in peacefulness in the 2022 GPI, with the average country score deteriorating by 0.022 points, or one per cent. Of the 44 countries in the region, 21 improved in score, while 22 deteriorated and one remained unchanged. The region is less peaceful than the global average on the Safety and Security and Ongoing Conflict domains, but more peaceful than the global average on the Militarisation domain. Five coups as well as disputes over election results and allegations of corruption led to a rise in civil unrest and political instability across the region, resulting in an average deterioration across the region in the political terror indicator of 6.9 per cent.
The most peaceful country in the region is Mauritius, which is ranked 28th in the 2022 GPI. The country recorded a slight improvement of 1.3 per cent in its GPI score. Mauritius also improved in terms of its UN peacekeeping funding by 15.3 per cent.
South Sudan remains the least peaceful country in the region and one of the least peaceful countries in the world, despite an improvement in peacefulness in the 2022 GPI. Although levels of internal conflict in the country remain high, the number of deaths from the conflict improved by 15 per cent in 2022. South Sudan’s homicide rate is now at its lowest level since the country’s establishment in 2011, recording 4.42 homicides per 100,000 people.
The largest improvement in peacefulness in the region occurred in Zambia, which recorded a 3.9 per cent improvement in its GPI score. This was largely driven by an improvement in Zambia’s relationship with its neighbours as well as a 17 per cent fall in military expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
Burkina Faso experienced the second largest fall in peacefulness in the region, with deteriorations in all three domains largely influenced by a coup in January 2022. Burkina Faso is the third most impacted country in the world by terrorism with the 2022 Global Terrorism Index, as it registered the second highest number of deaths from terrorist attacks of any country in 2021.
North Africa
Sudan is the least peaceful country in Northern Africa. The country experienced a deterioration across all domains apart from Militarisation, which improved slightly by 0.04 per cent.
Morocco and Tunisia remains the most peaceful country in the Northern Africa region and are the only North African countries to be amongst the 20 most peaceful countries in Africa.
Top 20 Most Peaceful Countries in Africa, 2023
1 Mauritius
2 Ghana
3 The Gambia
4 Botswana
5 Sierra Leone
6 Zambia
7 Equitorial Guinea
8 Malawi
9 Namibia
10 Senegal
11 Rwanda
12 Morocco
13 Gabon
14 Liberia
15 Angola
16 Madagascar
17 Tunisia
18 Tanzania
19 Lesotho
20 Eswatini
Top 20 Least Peaceful Countries in Africa, 2023
1 South Sudan
2 D.R Congo
3 Somalia
4 Central African Republic
5 Sudan
6 Libya
7 Mali
8 Ethiopia
9 Burkina Faso
10 Nigeria
11 Cameroon
12 Niger
13 Chad
14 Eritrea
15 Burundi
16 Zimbabwe
17 Egypt
18 Guinea
19 Mozambique
20 Uganda
Global Peace Index (GPI) is a report produced by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) which measures the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. The GPI ranks 163 independent states and territories (collectively accounting for 99.7 per cent of the world’s population) according to their levels of peacefulness. In the past decade, the GPI has presented trends of increased global violence and less peacefulness.
Source: Global Peace Index 2022
