History

Alexandre Lindo: The Most Notorious Jamaican Jewish Slave Trader of the 18th Century

The transatlantic slave trade is rife with figures who, through their actions, defined the brutal systems of commerce that sustained the colonial economies of the Caribbean. Among them, Alexandre Lindo, a Jewish Jamaican slave trader and ship captain, stands...

The Samba Rebellion of 1731 in Colonial Louisiana and the Tragic Fate of Its Conspirators

The Samba Rebellion of 1731, a purported slave revolt in French colonial Louisiana, remains one of the lesser-known events in early American history, recorded primarily through the writings of Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz, a French historian who lived...

Koitalel Arap Samoei: The African Chief Who Was Lured by a Peace Treaty and Killed by the British in 1905

Koitalel Arap Samoei was a legendary figure and resistance leader among the Nandi people of Kenya, known for his courageous opposition to British colonial rule. In 1905, under the guise of a peace treaty, Koitalel was lured into a...

Henrietta Wood: The Woman Who Won the Largest Slavery Reparations Verdict in U.S. History

Henrietta Wood holds a unique place in American history as the formerly enslaved woman who won the largest reparations verdict ever awarded for slavery in the United States. Born into slavery in Kentucky, Henrietta Wood’s life began in bondage under...

Barbara Pope: The Woman Whose Train Protest Against Segregation Led to Her Tragic End

Barbara E. Pope was an American teacher, author, and civil rights activist whose battle against systemic racism and personal struggles ultimately led to her tragic end. Barbara Pope was born in January 1854 in Georgetown, Washington, D.C., to Alfred and...

Lumpkin’s Jail: The 19th-Century American Slave Breeding Facility for Enslaved Africans

In the shadowed history of the United States, few places symbolize the brutalities inflicted upon enslaved African people as Lumpkin’s Jail in Richmond, Virginia. Known as one of the largest and most notorious slave jails in 19th century Richmond,...

Wyatt Outlaw: The Black Politician Lynched by a White Mob in 1870

Wyatt Outlaw, the first African American to serve as Town Commissioner and Constable of Graham, North Carolina, was a pioneering leader and dedicated advocate for African American rights in Alamance County. He faced violent opposition for his stance against...

Lucy Terry: The Author of the Oldest Known Work of Literature by an African American

Lucy Terry was a gifted storyteller, orator, and poet, renowned for being the author of “Bars Fight” (1746), the oldest known literary work by an African American. Lucy Terry was born around 1733 on the African continent. Like many others...

Invisible Churches: How Enslaved Africans in the US Resisted Their Owners’ Obedience Doctrine

During the era of American slavery, Christianity became both a tool for oppression and a source of hope for enslaved African Americans. Slaveholders leveraged the Christian faith, twisting its messages to reinforce submission and obedience to them. Out of...

Celia: The Enslaved Teen Executed for Defending Herself Against Her Master’s Sexual Assault in 1855

The story of Celia is similar to that of Lena Baker, a black maid who was Sentenced to the Electric Chair for Defending Herself Against her Rapist Employer. However, unlike Baker, Celia was a slave with no legal rights,...
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The Christmas Panic of 1765: How a Slave Revolt Rumor Disrupted Christmas in Charleston

In December 1765, Charleston, South Carolina, was thrown into chaos when rumors of an impending slave insurrection by enslaved...
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