Luke Blackshear: The Enslaved African Breeder Who Produced 56 Children for His American Master

Blackshear was a man known for his towering strength, standing six feet four inches and weighing around 250 pounds. Not only was he a skilled craftsman and mechanic, but he was also exploited for another purpose: breeding children who would add to his master’s workforce.

The history of slavery in America is marred by countless stories of brutality, exploitation, and inhuman treatment. Among the most harrowing aspects of this system was the breeding of enslaved Africans as though they were livestock, a practice that sought to increase the enslaved population to expand the labor force.

The breeding of enslaved Africans was a particularly heinous practice that developed in the American South, where high demand for labor, combined with the passing of the Act prohibiting the importation of slaves in 1808, led to a shift toward self-sustaining slave populations. Enslavers began viewing African slaves not only as labor but as a form of capital that could “reproduce” wealth by generating more slaves, thus increasing the labor supply without the need for external purchases. Men like Luke Blackshear, who were tall, strong, skilled, and capable of bearing children, were seen as “prime stock.”

Luke Blackshear, known as the “stock negro” or “Giant Breeder,” was born around 1800, though the details of his early life remain largely unknown. His family background and origins are not recorded, but by all accounts, he was enslaved from birth and grew up under the control of the Blackshear family in Alabama, United States.

As he matured, his physical prowess and skill set him apart from others, marking him as an especially valuable asset to his enslavers who exploited him both for his labor and as a means to increase their enslaved workforce.

According to accounts passed down through his family, Luke stood at an imposing six feet four inches and weighed close to 250 pounds. His strength, combined with his wide-ranging skills in mechanics, blacksmithing, construction, and leatherworking, made him a prized possession. His grandson, Isom Blackshear, described Luke as a double-jointed individual capable of working with iron, wood, and leather, showcasing an extraordinary level of skill for someone who received no formal training.

Despite his skill, Luke’s life was overshadowed by the horrific role his enslavers imposed on him. He was nicknamed the “Giant Breeder” by his master, and in the same way livestock were selectively bred, Luke was forced to father children for his masters’ economic gain. In total, he fathered 56 children, each one born into slavery and viewed by his enslavers as an addition to their property and workforce.

In addition to his role as a “breeder,” Luke Blackshear was a skilled craftsman. He could work with iron, wood, and leather, making everything from houses to shoes. His talents were so extensive that he often did not labor alongside other slaves; his skills were reserved for special projects, including blacksmithing, carpentry, and shoemaking. Blackshear taught his son Isom these trades, passing down knowledge in brickmaking, bricklaying, and blacksmithing. Despite his essential skills, Blackshear still faced the hardships and punishments imposed on all enslaved people. He may have been viewed as an asset, but he was also whipped, and treated like a property.

The recollections of Luke’s grandson, Isom Blackshear, also shed light on the painful reality of reproductive exploitation within slavery. These accounts suggest that enslavers did not merely allow for reproduction but actively orchestrated it for the sole purpose of increasing their workforce. Enslavers often forced their slaves into rooms or barns together, sometimes as young as 13, with the explicit intent of compelling them to produce offspring. Those who refused were severely punished to serve as an example to others.

Luke Blackshear’s story is part of a broader history of enslaved Africans who were used to expand the enslaved population and, by extension, the profits of slaveholders in the United States. The children born from these breeding practices were typically retained or sold to other enslavers, cementing the cycle of bondage that fed the Southern economy.

Stories like Lukes’ expose the long, painful legacy of slavery that has shaped generations within African American communities, affecting family structures, cultural ties, and communal bonds that were systematically torn apart during slavery.

Luke Blackshear’s life, came to an end in 1855 in Sumter County, Alabama, as recounted by his granddaughter, Ida Blackshear Hutchinson. His death occurred just five years before the start of the Civil War, a conflict that would eventually lead to the abolition of slavery.

The memories passed down through his family ensured that his legacy survived beyond his lifetime.

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Reference:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14664658.2024.2317499

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Blackshear-367

https://www.loc.gov/resource/mesn.023/?q=hutchinson%2C+ida+blackshear&sp=371&st=text&r=-0.103,0.671,1,1.5,0