Top 20 Most Democratic Countries in Africa (2024)

The Democracy Index, published annually by the Economist Intelligence Unit, assesses the state of democracy across 167 countries and territories. The index evaluates nations based on electoral processes, government functioning, political participation, political culture, and civil liberties. Below are the most democratic country in Africa.

According to the index, Sub-Saharan Africa experienced a notable democratic decline in recent times. Of the 44 countries assessed in the region, over 40% (18) saw their scores decline, 17 remained stagnant, and only nine recorded improvements. The most significant setbacks occurred in West and Central Africa, driven by a series of military coups across the Sahel. Surveys suggest that widespread dissatisfaction with political systems and poverty has fueled public support for or acceptance of these military takeovers, reflecting broader challenges examined in the Democracy Around the Regions section.

Top 20 Most Democratic Countries in Africa

According to EIU, Africa’s democratic landscape is diverse, with some nations achieving remarkable strides in governance while others face ongoing challenges. Below are the top 20 most democratic countries in Africa, ranked based on the 2023 Democracy Index.

1. Mauritius

Mauritius stands out as Africa’s most democratic nation and is classified as a “full democracy” by the Democracy Index. The country’s political system is based on a multi-party parliamentary democracy, with free and fair elections that ensure peaceful transitions of power. Its judiciary operates independently, guaranteeing the rule of law and the protection of human rights. Mauritius also boasts a vibrant civil society and a free press, factors that contribute to its high democratic score.

2. Botswana

Botswana has been a symbol of stable democracy in Africa since gaining independence in 1966. The nation which is the second most democratic country in Africa operates under a system that promotes free elections, freedom of speech, and the separation of powers. The country’s successive peaceful transitions of power reflect its mature political culture. Botswana’s economic prosperity, driven by diamond mining, complements its democratic stability. However, critics point to the dominance of the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) as a challenge to greater political diversity.

3. Cabo Verde

Cabo Verde, an archipelago in West Africa, is the third most democratic country in Africa. Its strong commitment to political pluralism, human rights, and transparent governance has always ensured its place among the continent’s most democratic nations. The country’s peaceful elections and high voter turnout reflect the citizens’ trust in the system.

4. South Africa

South Africa’s democracy, born out of the struggle against apartheid, is underpinned by a progressive constitution and an independent judiciary. The nation has a vibrant civil society and a free press, which play crucial roles in holding the government accountable. Despite its democratic strengths, South Africa faces significant challenges, including corrupt, inequality, and service delivery failures.

5. Namibia

Namibia has made significant strides since gaining independence in 1990. The country which is the 5th most democratic country in Africa is characterized by political stability, respect for civil liberties, and a free press. Its electoral processes are transparent, and the judiciary remains independent. Namibia’s commitment to sustainable development has further bolstered its democratic image.

6. Lesotho

Lesotho operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, which has seen numerous reforms in recent years. While political instability has occasionally marred its democratic progress, the country continues to make efforts toward inclusive governance. Mediation efforts by regional bodies like the Southern African Development Community (SADC) have helped maintain peace and stability.

7. Malawi

Malawi has emerged as a democratic success story in recent years. The country is only the second African country to annul a presidential election, after Kenya in 2017 and It is the first in which the opposition has won the re-run. The 2020 court-mandated re-run of the presidential election was a milestone for judicial independence and electoral integrity. Citizens’ active engagement in governance, coupled with efforts to combat corruption, has also enhanced Malawi’s democratic standing.

8. Zambia

Zambia’s peaceful transition of power in 2021, following the election of President Hakainde Hichilema, highlighted its commitment to democracy. The government has since prioritized strengthening democratic institutions, promoting press freedom, and combating corruption. Zambia’s active civil society plays a crucial role in maintaining accountability and transparency.

9. Liberia

Liberia’s journey from civil conflict to democracy has been remarkable. The nation has consistently held peaceful elections, reflecting the citizens’ commitment to democratic principles. Liberia’s vibrant press and active civic organizations contribute to its democratic governance. However, issues such as corruption and economic inequality continue to challenge the nation’s progress.

10. Tunisia

Tunisia, often hailed as the success story of the Arab Spring, has made significant democratic gains over the past decade. The country has a pluralistic political system and an active civil society. However, recent political developments, including the centralization of power by President Kais Saied, have raised concerns about democratic backsliding. Tunisians remain engaged in pushing for reforms to uphold democratic norms.

11. Senegal

Senegal is one of Africa’s most stable democracies, with a history of peaceful transfers of power. The country has a robust political culture and an independent judiciary. Its commitment to press freedom and active political participation makes it a regional leader in democratic governance.

12. Tanzania

Tanzania has shown improvements in political freedoms and governance under its current leadership. The government has reopened the political space and worked toward restoring trust in democratic institutions.

13. Madagascar

Madagascar’s democracy is marked by regular elections and an active civil society. However, political polarization and economic instability hinder its progress. Efforts to strengthen institutions and promote transparency are essential for sustaining democratic growth.

14. Kenya

Kenya’s democracy is vibrant, with competitive elections and a strong judiciary. Civil society organizations play a significant role in fostering accountability and transparency.

15. Morocco

Morocco operates as a constitutional monarchy with increasing emphasis on parliamentary democracy. Reforms in governance and civil liberties have improved public participation. The country is ranked 15th on the list of the most democratic countries in Africa.

16. Benin

Benin has historically been a model of democracy in West Africa, but recent political restrictions have raised concerns. Despite these challenges, the country continues to uphold its tradition of multi-party elections and civic engagement.

17. Uganda

Uganda’s democracy is characterized by a multi-party system and active civic participation. However, restrictions on opposition activities and press freedoms undermine its democratic potential.

18. The Gambia

The Gambia has made remarkable progress since its democratic transition in 2017. Electoral reforms and civil liberties have improved significantly, though the country still faces economic and governance challenges.

19. Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone’s democratic progress is evident in its peaceful elections and commitment to reconciliation post-civil war. However, poverty and corruption remain barriers to deeper democratic consolidation.

20. Nigeria

Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country, has a vibrant yet flawed democracy marked by widespread political disengagement. This disengagement is characterized by a lack of interest, involvement, or enthusiasm in political activities such as voting, attending political meetings, or participating in civic discussions. Additionally, challenges like electoral irregularities, corruption, and insecurity continue to hinder its democratic progress.

Top 20 Most Democratic Countries in Africa (2024)

Last Updated: November 2024